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-       - Complete Pinterest Board.

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-       - Following Convention Of Artist On Pinterest.

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How The Papers Contributed To Brexit

Earlier






















22nd June 2016

24th June 2016

26th June 2016





























Articles

DUE: 2 WEEKS

Did The British Press Influence The Brexit Result?

Refer to the arguments of Hesmondhalgh and Gerber in the answer.

The British print and online press may have played a big part in the UKs 2016 Brexit result. With many well respected British newspapers becoming less subtle about whether the owners of those papers where for or against. Back in 1992 The Sun came out with the Headline “It’s the Sun wot won it,” in regards to the unexpected Conservative general election victory which they claimed they were responsible for. Since this, the debate has roared on as to how much of an influence the press has over changing people’s votes. Throughout this answer, I will be referring to the theories of both Hesmondhalgh and Gerbner.

Hesmondhalgh argues that larger companies are more focused on the financial side of mainstream media. Hesmondhalgh also argues that major cultural organizations cater to a number of different industries for their own commercial gain. Gerbner argues that over time people are becoming more and more subject to having the media ‘Cultivate’ viewers perceptions. I think that the British press did influence the vote on Brexit because of all the highly respected newspaper headlines clearly swaying for people to vote leave. Some of these headlines include ‘BeLEAVE in Britain,’ and ‘If you believe in Britain vote leave,’ from The Sun and the Daily Mail respectively. Also, a lot of the newspaper covers at the time had a red, white, and blue colour palette, a clear link to the union jack and the representations of that.

Hesmondhalgh’s theory can be applied to the British press and their influence on Brexit in the way that many of the newspapers got caught up in trying to push a certain agenda and sometimes glossing over the truth in order to push for commercial success. This was the case when The Mail where forced to make amendments to one of their front cover pages as they claimed that a group of migrants were from Europe, when video showed members of the group say they from Iraq and Kuwait. Hesmondhalgh’s theory states that larger companies operate across a wide range of cultural industries. In the 1990s, The Sun newspaper had a circulation of around 4 million people. However right now The Sun sells less than half of that total. It’s fair to say the future is very much with programs like Facebook and Google surfacing news and headlines. Many newspapers around Britain have taken advantage of this and they now have got their own website and furthermore Facebook and Twitter accounts. This would have influenced a lot of readers because of the fact that many people wanted to keep in the know around June 2016 and were seeing many articles and headlines published by online companies swaying to leave the EU.

Gerbner theory in regards to the British press suggests that trustworthy people read untrustworthy press and then tell other people who then tell more people and that how I think The British press did have an influence on the Brexit result. Gerbner also argues that over time, exposure to the media subtly ‘cultivates’ readers perceptions of reality. This suggests that subconsciously audiences are taking in certain aspects of the press as appose to

Coursework Brief

Gilroy's Theory Applied To Television Drama

Evaluate the relevance of Gilroy's ethnicity theory to a long form television drama?




Gilroy's ethnicity theory argues that the African culture has, thanks to the British Empire, composed a culture where all the African, America, Caribbean, and British are referred to as the 'Black Atlantic'. The limits of this theory being applied to a television drama surrounds itself on how it was first made and applied in relation to the British Empire. Neither America or Iceland has ever been an Empire before in their history.

Gilroy's theory can be applied to one of the long form television drama shows I have studied, Homelands. Gilroy's theory talks about the way in which possibly white people are more so in power. This could be applicable to Homelands in the way that the show is completely racist in the way it spreads unfair and unjustified propaganda surrounding many regions of the middle eastern society. As the theory suggests, generalising and grouping a quite diverse society as one strict set of Muslim people, who as the show suggest one have one goal. Homelands is caught generalising the middle eastern society many times through their first season of the show. And in recent history, Homelands ran into another controversy in regards to their set being de-faced with a response to the realism from the point of view of someone coming from the middle eastern society. Homelands is a long form television drama that was made popular from the very first season. Overall the theory that Gilroy has suggested, it defiantly fits into the main aspects of this.

In Trapped, another television drama I have studied, is much more subtle in the way that they approach race and ethnicity. The way that Trapped explores Gilroy's theory is through the lack of major black character in the first season. This could be taken up one of two ways. Either Trapped was trying clearly state white people as more of a supreme race. this could be further applied to roles that black people play in Trapped, the chef is the only black male in the show and he takes orders from the captain, a white middle aged male. Other black characters in Trapped include two girls found in the back of the camper van, two venerable children helpless and scared. However, the produces for Trapped  could have been giving an accurate representation of Iceland and how there is 95% margin of white people living in Iceland today. This could be taken either way and therefore may or may not fully fit into Gilroy's ethnicity theory. 

In conclusion, the way in which Gilroy's theory can be fully applied to both television dramas is a clear representation in his theory being correct and present in the media today. He states that the generalisation of black people is present ever since the British Empire.

Gerbner's Theory

Link to weather it could be applied to the theory.

How Can Gerbner's Theory Be Applied To Homelands And Trapped?

Gerbner argues his theory using three main points. Gerbner's first part to the theory would be his 'Mean World Syndrome', this involves the way that because of the way violence is shown through the mainstream media and film, the audience become a lot more used to seeing that and might believe that the world is a lot more violent than it actually is. The second part to the theory is how people are more likely to use stereotypes in the real world due to how they are consistently used in American and other films and television. And finally, the last part to Gerbner's Theory surround the fact that audiences might be more likely to describe themselves and politically neutral. For this question I will be referring to two of the case studies I have looked at. One being the American television drama Homelands, and the other being the Icelandic television drama Trapped.

In reference to Gerbner's first theory, being the symbolism of his 'Mean World Syndrome', Gerbner argues that the way violence is shown in the film and media industry sides peoples views in the direction to feel as though the world is a much darker place than it actually is. This could be applied to Both of the television dramas I have studied. Starting with the American television drama, Homeland. Homeland promotes a lot of unjustified violence and negative representations of the middle eastern society. This fits in quite nicely to this part of Gerbner's theory. In fact you could even apply it to a specific scene in Homelands where Carrie is in the park about to meet up with who she thinks is Tom Walker, and instead it is a suicide bomber who triggers his bomb right in plain sight, next to the fountain. This is a representation of the types of scenery viewers of Homeland have come to become accustom to. And therefore is something that would have a Homeland audience feeling like there is a lot more violence around them than there actually might be. Trapped audiences could also be accustom to violence as the Icelandic television drama picks up on these violent tendencies and seems to exaggerate them. The body with no head or limbs being found in the very first episode of season one could be a great example as to what sort of imagery the audience will see as they continue to watch on. Also the links to the middle aged male characters seeming to be a lot more corrupt, and it also lays mistrust on local business men or people of higher authority. In tern this part of Gerbner's theory is relevant and applies to Both television drama shows I have studied.

The second part to Gerbner's theory is about how people are more unlikely to use unjustified stereotypes in there own real lives. For Homelands this is something that applies to many scenes for the first season. Homelands, season one, stereotypes people form the middle easters society as one that is untrustworthy and corrupt. Homelands also promotes the stereotype of not being able to 100% trust a female lead role. This is seen many times, the most notably the scene where Carrie sets up hidden cameras in the house of Brodie and his family. This could be seen as Carrie abusing her position for her own gain. In Trapped, the stereotypes are very well disguised. The casting of an overweight lead detective immediately breaks the stereotype of characters in that field of occupations and therefore doesn't fit into Gerbner's theory. However there are elements for this part of Gerbner's theory in the way that the police force arresting Hjörtur, a typically edgy looking character, would fit very well into Gerbner's theory. Something which could also be classed as stereotypical is having Hinrika as a classic sympathetic character. This is shown in many ways, one being the way the takes care of the two girls found in the back of the camper van in the first episode. Another example of this in full swing is the scene in the final episode, where Carrie is looking through the warehouse, when Ásgeir gets shot the scrip was wrote to have  Hinrika one of the fist people to find him. Steyotypicaly women are seen having more empathy than men. A stereotype promoted by the narrative of Trapped.

The pros and cons of Gerbner's theory surround the reasons of casting and scrip writing. The way that Gerbner's theory fits better into Homelands as it does Trapped is due to the Americanisation of film and how most American films are the same, because it gets the viewing figures that a programme like Trapped doesn't' get. The pros about applying the theory are that the American television drama does and will fit into this. Its shows a lack of individual and unique ideas surrounding the genre, something which I think Trapped thrives on.

In conclusion, having looked at both Trapped and Homeland and the way in which Gerbner's theory can be applied to these two television dramas. I think elements for the theory can be put into the shows narrative and also think certain scenes can advocate the different parts to Gerbner's theory.

Trapped Characters

Name: Andri Olafsson

Age: Middle Aged

Role: Chief Of Police

Name: Hinrika

Age: Middle Aged

Role: Police Officer

Name: Ásgeir

Age: Middle Aged

Role: Police Officer

Name: Agnes Eiríkdóttir

Age: Middle Aged

Role: Andri's Ex-Wife

Name: Søren Carlsen 

Age: Older Aged

Role: Ferry Captain

Name: Hjörtur

Age: Young Adult

Role: Potential Suspect

Name: Eiríur Davidsson

Age: Older Aged

Role: Agnes's Farther

Name: Sigurður Gudmundsson

Age: Middle Aged

Role The Harbourmaster

Name: Guðni

Age: Middle Aged

Role: The Hotel Owner

Name: Trausti Einarssson

Age: Middle Aged

Role: Chief Of The New Investigation Team.

Trapped Ep.1 - Ep.10 Season 1 Notes

Episode One

• Opening scene, A teenage couple go into a disused building to do drugs and have sex and there has been a form of arisen hat takes place. The girl dies.
• Detective is a middle aged white male and separated from his partner
• Dismembered body found in the water, comes from the ferry 
• The ferry goes on lock down leaving passengers confused and angry 
• The detective speaks to the ferry's captain who is having trouble containing passengers causing the detective to promise a set amount of time 
• The detective looks around a misty yard for the suspects who slips away unnoticed 

Episode Two

• Protagonist follows suspected killer guy through the snow, They catch him
•  Two girls found in an abandoned building. People who the suspect brought to the country
• Two girls brought back to police officers house
  

Episode Three

• They find the first person they put into prison dead in a police car
• They arrest the person who took the photos of the body
• They found out that the murder did not happen on the ferry

Episode Four

• Hjörtor is released
• Hinrika finds one of the girls with a phone that had to be taken for evidence 
• Hinrika searches for who had recently brought a similar phone 
• There's An Avalanche

Episode Five

• The Avalanche consumes a few people injuring them
• Hjörtur goes to a pool party 
• Andri finds the injured man but air ambulance can't help
• The injured person dies

Episode Six

• Andre gives a speech at church, what the people want other, the truth, he says bout how the murderer is probably someone still in this town
• They find a person with a camera, Wiseman, who had evidence of Sigurður having an argument with the person found dead.
• The chef goes to the house where the two children are kept and destroy the snowmen they made trying to keep them hidden.
• They arrest Sigurður finding the body in the boat he tried to escape in
• The captain was looking for snowmen in the gardens of the locals, possibly looking for the two children.

Episode Seven

• Extra police staff arrive
• The new officer interrogates Sigurður  after finding the chainsaw in his house
• New officer takes over and rushes a confession possibly leading to false imprisonment
• Sigurður is taken away with new detective despite Andri having a alibi in favour of Sigurður.
• Sigurður jumps out the helicopter he was in, committing suicide. 
• They arrest the captain of the ship.

Episode Eight

•  They interrogate the captain.
• They find Sigurður's fingerprints on the autopsy, but they also find someone else's.
• Andre thinks the mayor had something to do with the murder.
• The captain of the ship he saw someone beating someone to half death and knows that person has other powerful people working for him.
• Andri arrests the the ships engineer
•  One of the other officers leaked Andri report
• Andri sleeps with Agnes

Episode Nine

• Andri finds a key in the trousers of Agnes farther, the kay fits the lock that was used to trap the mayor in the burning shed.
• Agnes farther confuses ans Andri leaves to tell the family.
• The mayor is the one that burnt the place at the beginning

Episode Ten

• Guðni has Maggi and Leifer with him in a warehouse, he has a gun and the thee members on the police force are there looking for him
• Andre finds Guðni with the gun first and  Guðni leads Andri and Leifer into the freezer whilst Hinrika finds and lets Maggi escape
• Ásgeir gets shot as Hinrika calls for help whilst Guðni tried to find Maggi,  Andri and Leifer escapes the freezer after a talk that confirmed that Guðni had something to do with the two girls which Henries was keeping safe.
• They eventually find Guðni and arrest him, Agnes leaves Andri and takes the children.